Refrigerating system



Sept 22, 1931. c. 6. EACH 1,824,527

REFRIGERAT ING SYSTEM Filed June 29, 1928 INVENTOR.

iwa M Patented Sept. 22, 1931 UNITED s'mxras PATENT OFFICE CHARLES G.BACK, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR T0 T HE VETER MANUFAC- TURINGCOMPANY, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF WISCONSINBEFRIGEBATING SYSTEH Application filed June 2a, 1928. Serial No.289,103.

This invention relates to improvements in refrigerating systems.

Heretofore, refrigerating systems have been constructed with a coolingunit comprising a single length of piping in the form of-a coil,extending between the liquid header and the suction header. In this ty eof device the liquid ammonia from the liquid header has to pass throughthe entire length of the coil before reaching the suction header. In

practice it is found that the refrigerant changes into a gaseous formbefore at reaches to provide a refrigerating system having a coolingunit which is effective throughout for cooling purposes.

It is a more specific object of this invent on to provide a cooling unitin which a plurallty of short pipes are used to carry the ammonia fromthe liquid header to the suction header.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a refrigeratingsystem in which a novel combination of parts is used to render thesystem very efficient in operation.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a refrigeratingsystem in which the liquid refrigerant is pre-cooled before entering theaccumulator, the said pre-coohng being done at high suction pressure toafford greater economy of operation.

It is a further object of this inventlon to provide a refrigeratingsystem which is simple in construction and well adapted for the purposedescribed.

With the above and other ob ects in view, the invention consists of theimproved refrigerating system and all its parts and combinations as setforth in the claims and all equivalents thereof. 0

In the accompanying drawings, in which the same reference charactersdesignate the same parts in all of the views:

' Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the system, parts being broken away;a

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1, parts beingbroken away; and

Fig.3 is a section taken on line 33 of Fig. 1, parts being broken awaReferring to the drawings, the numeral 5 designates a liquid refrigerantreceiving tank which has extending therefrom a pipe 6. A supply pipe 7is connected to the pipe 6, and the flow therefrom is controlled by-avalve 8. A valve 9 in the pipe line 6 controls the flow from the liquidreceiving tank. The upper end of the pipe 6 is connected to a float tank10, the latter having pipes 11 and 12 extendmg from it to agravity tank13. The float tank is adaptedto regulate the height of the liquid in thegravity tank.

The gravity tank has a pipeline 14 extending to the liquid header 15 ona forecooler 16, the latter being constructed of short lengths of pi esextending between the headers 15 and 1 From the suction header 17 on theforecooler, a pipe line 18 extends back to the gravity tank. The gravitytank is also con- 7 nected to the high pressure suction line 19 whichconnects with the refrigerant compressor (not shown). From the lowerportion of the gravity tank a liquid line 20 extends to the suctionaccumulator 21,

The suction accumulatoris in the form of a tank and has extendingtherein a pipe 22 lead- .ing from asuction header 23, and a pipe 24leading to a 1i uid header 25. Extending from the suction eader 23 is aplurality of extension headers 26. Connecting the headers 26 and headers27 at the other end is a plurality of pipes 28. Extension headers 29connect with the header 25, and pipes 30 extend between the headers 29and 27. The above described pipes and headers constitute the coolingunit. The forecooler 16 embodies substantially the same details ofconstruction.

An opening 31 in the upper 'ortion of the suction accumulator is fittedor connection with a low pressure suction pipe 32 which leads to therefrigerant compressor. Two compressors (not shown) are tobe used in thesystem, one for high ressure gas to be connected with the pipe line 19,and one for low pressure gas to be connected with the pipe 32.

The operation of the system is as follows: The liquid ammonia from theliquid receiver 5 flows through the pipe 6 to the float tank 10. Thelatter controls the height of the liquid in the gravity tank. After itis released from the condensor pressure, part of the liquid ammonia orother refrigerant cools itself to a temperature which is inverselyproportional to the 'amount of suction pressure carried. By using a highsuction pressure, it is possible to accomplish refrigeration moreeconomically than would be possible if the cooling were done under lowsuction pressure. From the gravity tank some of the liquid flows to theforecooler 16 through the pipe 14. The liquid ammonia, flowing throughthe forecooler coils, extracts heat from the water trickling over saidcoils, and in so doing the ammonia becomes vaporized, the gas formedreturning to the gravity tank through the pipe 18. Due to the economypossible, this cooling of the water is done with high suction pressure.The line 20 from the gravity tank conducts liquid ammonia to the suctionaccumulator 21 and the flow is controlled by a valve 20'. After theliquid refrigerant has been released from the high to the low suctionpressure, the liquid cools itself from a temperature correspondingto=the high suction pressure to a temperature corresponding to the lowsuction pressure. The liquid is temporarily stored in the lower portionof the accumulator and from there it flows by gravity into the pipe 24and header 25, flowing through the pipes 30 to the headers 27.

From the headers 27 the liquid is divided up and passes through thepipes 28 to the headers 26. By employing a plurality of short pipes 28,the liquid ammonia can travel to the headers 26 before a substantialpart of it has vaporized, and consequently the coils 28 and 30 areeffective throughout their length. In the old type of device where acontinuous coil is used, and all of the liquid ammonia must pass in acircuitous route through this one coil, the upper portion of the coil ispractically useless for cooling purposes, due to the vaporization of theammonia before it reaches the suction header.

From the header 26 the ammonia, changing to a gaseous state, passesthrough the pipe 22 into the suction accumulator where it rises to thetop of the tank to the outlet 31 leading to the compressor.

From the foregoing description it may be seen that the improvedrefrigerating device is simple in construction, effective in operation,and well adapted for the purpose described.

What I claim is:

1. A cooling unit for a refrigerating system comprising a liquid header,a plurality of extension headers extending from said liquid header, aplurality of other headers spaced tension headers with one of the secondmentioned headers.

2. A refrigerating system comprising in part a suction accumulator tankhaving an opening for receiving a refrigerant in a liquid state, and alow pressure suction opening for discharging a refrigerant in a gaseousstate,

a liquid header in connection with said sue tion accumulator, aplurality of extension headers in connection with said liquid header, asuction header in connection with said suction accumulator, a pluralityof extension headers in connection with said suction header, and aplurality of connecting means between the liquid extension headers andthe suction extension headers.

3. A refrigerating system comprising in part a suction accumulator tankhaving an opening for receiving a refrigerant in a liquid state and alow pressure suction opening for discharging a refrigerant in a gaseousstate, a liquid header in connection with said suction accumulator, aplurality of extension headers in connection with said liquid header, aplurality of headers spaced at a distance from the suction accumulatortank, pipes connecting each liquid extension header with one of the lastmentioned headers, a suction header in connection with the suctionaccumulator tank, a plurality of extension headers in connection withthe suction header, and pipes connecting each of the suction extensionheaders with one of the headers spaced at a distance from theaccumulator tank.

4. A refrigerating system comprising in part a liquid refrigerantreceiving tank, a gravity tank, a pipe line connecting said tanks, afloat tank in the pipe line-for regulating the height of the refrigerantin the gravity tank, a forecooler, means for feeding liquid refrigerantto said forecooler, means for conducting the refrigerant in a gaseousstate back to the gravity tank, a high pressure suction line inconnection with said gravity tank, a suctionaccumulator, a low pressuresuction line in connection with said accumulator, means for conductingliquid refrigerant from the gravity tank to the suction accumulator, aliquid header extending from said suction accumulator, a suction headerextending from said suction accumulator, and a plurality of connectingmeans between the liquid header and the suction header.

. 5. A refrigerating system comprising in part a liquid refrigerantreceiving tank, a gravity tank, a pipe line connecting said tanks, ahint tank in the pipe line for regulating the height of the refrigerantin the gravity tank, a forecooler, means for con ducting the refrigerantin a gaseous state back to the gravity tank, a high pressure suctionline in connection with said gravitytank, a suction accumulator, a lowpressure suction line in connection with said accumulator, means forconducting liquid refrigerant from the gravity-tank to the suctionaccumulator, a liquid header extendin from said suction accumulator,.-asuction eader extending from said suction accumulator, a plurality ofextension headers connected to saidliquid header, a plurality ofextension headers connected to said suction header, a

plurality of headers spaced at a distance from 0th sets of extensionheaders, pipes connecting each of the liquid extension headers with" oneof the spaced apart headers, and pipes connecting each of the suctionextension headers with one of the spaced apart headers. 6. Arefrigerating system comprising in part a liquid refrigerant receivingtank, a gravity tank, a ipe line connecting said tanks, a float tank 1nthe pipe line for regulating the height of the refrigerant in thegravity tank, a forecooler, means for feeding liquid refrigerant to saidforecooler, means for conducting the refrigerant in a gaseous state backto the gravity tank, a high pressure suction line in connection withsaid gravity tank, a suction accumulator, a lowpressure suction line inconnection with said accumulator, means for conducting liquidrefrigerant from the gravity tank tothe suction accumulator, a liquidheader extendin said suction accumulator, a suction eader extending fromsaid suction accumulator, and connecting means between the liquid headerand the suction header.

In testimony whereof, I afiix my signature.

CHARLES G. BACH.

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